Fire Extinguisher Use: Tips, Guidelines and Best Practices

Fire Products Direct
Aug 25
4 min read

Essential Tips and Best Practices for Effective Fire Extinguisher Use

Fire extinguishers are essential safety devices designed to control or eliminate small fires before they spread out of control. Whether at home, in the workplace, or in public areas, having one on hand—and knowing how to use it—can literally mean the difference between safety and disaster. Unfortunately, many people have fire extinguishers nearby but do not fully understand how to operate them correctly.

In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about how to use a fire extinguisher properly, including the PASS technique, the different types of fire extinguishers, essential maintenance and inspection tips, and even how to dispose of expired units safely.

Why Knowing How to Use a Fire Extinguisher Matters

A fire can spread in just 30 seconds. Quick response is critical, but panic can take over if you’re not prepared. Knowing how to confidently use a fire extinguisher helps you:

Act immediately without hesitation.
Prevent small flames from becoming uncontrollable.
Protect lives and property.
Avoid making the fire worse by using the wrong extinguisher type.

Remember: safety comes first. If the fire is large, spreading rapidly, or producing thick smoke, evacuate immediately and call 000 (emergency services in Australia).

Understanding Fire Classes

Before reaching for an extinguisher, you need to understand the different classes of fires. Each requires a specific type of extinguisher:

Class A: Solid combustibles like wood, paper, and fabric.
Class B: Flammable liquids such as petrol, paint, and solvents.
Class C: Flammable gases like butane, propane, and methane.
Class D: Combustible metals such as magnesium, aluminium.
Class E: Electrical fires involving live equipment.
Class F: Cooking oils and fats, commonly seen in kitchens.

👉 Using the wrong extinguisher can worsen the fire. For example, water on an oil fire can cause violent flare-ups.

The PASS Technique – Step-by-Step

The easiest way to remember how to operate a fire extinguisher is with the acronym PASS:

P – Pull the pin - This breaks the tamper seal and allows you to discharge the extinguisher.
A – Aim at the base of the fire - Always aim low, at the fuel source—not the flames.
S – Squeeze the handle - Apply slow, steady pressure to release the extinguishing agent.
S – Sweep side to side - Move the nozzle across the fire’s base until the flames are completely out.

⚠️ Tip: Fire extinguishers last only 10–20 seconds of discharge. Use them efficiently.

Types of Fire Extinguishers and Their Uses

Different extinguishers are built for different fire risks:

1. Water Extinguishers

Best for: Class A fires.
Not for: Electrical or oil fires (risk of electrocution or spreading flames).

2. Foam Extinguishers

Best for: Class A and B fires.
Smothers flames and prevents re-ignition.
Not for: Electrical fires.

3. Dry Powder Extinguishers

Best for: Class A, B, E, and some electrical fires.
Very versatile but messy; not ideal for sensitive equipment.

4. CO₂ Extinguishers

Best for: Class B and electrical fires.
Works by displacing oxygen around flames.
Not effective for Class A fires.

5. Wet Chemical Extinguishers

Best for: Class F fires (cooking oils and fats).
Creates a cooling and sealing effect to stop re-ignition.
Mainly used in commercial kitchens.

👉 Pro Tip: For homes, an ABE dry powder extinguisher is often the most practical choice due to its multi-purpose use.

When Not to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Not every situation is safe for extinguishers. Do not attempt to use one if:

The fire is larger than a small bin.
The room is filling with smoke.
You do not have the correct extinguisher for the fire type.
You are unsure or untrained—safety first.

In such cases, evacuate immediately and let professional firefighters handle it.

Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Extinguisher Kit

How to Inspect and Maintain Fire Extinguishers

Owning an extinguisher is only useful if it works when needed. Here’s how to maintain them:

Monthly Visual Check: Ensure it’s in place, accessible, and undamaged.
Gauge Reading: Needle should be in the green zone.
Nozzle & Hose: Free from cracks, leaks, or obstructions.
Tamper Seal: Must be intact—broken seals mean possible use or tampering.
Annual Professional Inspection: By certified fire safety technicians.
Hydrostatic Testing: Every 5–12 years, depending on the type.

Fire Extinguisher Placement and Accessibility

A fire extinguisher is useless if you can’t reach it in time. Best practices include:

Mounting extinguishers on walls at eye level.
Placing them near exits for safe evacuation.
Storing them in kitchens, workshops, and garages where risks are higher.
Avoiding clutter or obstacles in front of them.

How Often Should Fire Extinguishers Be Replaced?

Even with proper care, extinguishers don’t last forever. Most have a lifespan of 5–15 years, depending on the type and brand. Signs you need replacement include:

Rust or corrosion.
Broken handle, pin, or hose.
Pressure gauge stuck outside the green zone.
Expired service tag.

How to Dispose of Fire Extinguishers Safely

Old or discharged extinguishers must be disposed of responsibly:

Check local waste management services for hazardous disposal guidelines.
Contact fire safety service providers—many offer collection and recycling.
Never throw into general rubbish—they are pressurised and hazardous.
Empty and depressurise (if allowed by local rules) before recycling.

Fire Safety Beyond Extinguishers

While extinguishers are vital, they are just one part of fire safety. You should also:

Install smoke alarms and test them monthly.
Create a fire evacuation plan with family or staff.
Keep flammable materials stored safely.
Train household members or employees in basic fire safety.

Common Mistakes When Using Fire Extinguishers

To avoid reducing effectiveness or risking injury, never:

Aim at the flames instead of the base.
Stand too close (ideal distance: 2–3 metres).
Leave the scene without confirming the fire is fully out.
Use water on oil or electrical fires.

Conclusion

Fire extinguishers are life-saving tools, but only when used correctly. By understanding the different fire classes, choosing the right extinguisher, and remembering the PASS technique, you can act confidently in emergencies. Regular inspection, maintenance, and proper disposal further ensure your extinguisher is reliable when needed.

Above all, remember this golden rule: if the fire is too big, spreading fast, or unsafe to approach, evacuate and call 000 immediately. Being prepared is important, but your life and safety come first.